The process in the scientific method involves making conjectures (hypothetical explanations), deriving predictions from the hypotheses as logical consequences, and then carrying out experiments or empirical observations based on those predictions.

Īlthough procedures vary from one field of inquiry to another, the underlying process is frequently the same from one field to another. These are principles of the scientific method, as distinguished from a definitive series of steps applicable to all scientific enterprises. It involves formulating hypotheses, via induction, based on such observations the testability of hypotheses, experimental and the measurement-based statistical testing of deductions drawn from the hypotheses and refinement (or elimination) of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings.

The scientific method is an empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century (with notable practitioners in previous centuries see the article history of scientific method for additional detail.) It involves careful observation, applying rigorous skepticism about what is observed, given that cognitive assumptions can distort how one interprets the observation.